Trigeminal Neuralgia
Overview: Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, one of the largest nerves in the head. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sensations from the face to the brain. The condition is also known as tic douloureux, which means “painful twitch” in French. The pain caused by trigeminal neuralgia is intense and may be triggered by even mild stimuli like brushing teeth or washing the face.
Symptoms
The hallmark symptom of trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, intense, sharp, stabbing or electric shock-like pain on one side of the face. The pain is often triggered by everyday activities such as talking, eating, or touching the face. The pain can last from a few seconds to a few minutes and may occur in rapid succession. Between attacks, patients are typically pain-free.
Causes
Trigeminal neuralgia is usually caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel or a tumor. Other causes include multiple sclerosis, which damages the protective covering of nerves, and nerve damage due to injury or surgery. In some cases, no cause can be identified.
FAQ’s
Who is at risk of developing trigeminal neuralgia?
The condition is more common in women than men and is more likely to occur in people over the age of 50.
How is trigeminal neuralgia diagnosed?
The diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is based on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Imaging tests such as MRI may be used to rule out other causes of facial pain.
How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?
Treatment options include medications to control pain, such as anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerve. Other therapies, such as acupuncture or nerve blocks, may also be effective.
Is trigeminal neuralgia curable?
While there is no cure for trigeminal neuralgia, many people are able to manage their symptoms effectively with treatment.
